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It was developed from research into Epithalamin, a complex peptide extract originally obtained from bovine pineal tissue
Anything which irritates the mucosal lining of the nose wouldnt be tolerated, congested nasal passages could inhibit delivery, and its not clear how far or where into the brain the substances might reach
2025 Prohibited List, S2 Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances
Likewise, to avoid unpleasant side effects of systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibition, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, since acetazolamide (topical administration with little or no effect on intraocular pressure) [68,69], were used for a long period before a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor was realized (dorzolamide) [70,71]